MacWorld Networking Bible (Second Edition)

Table of Contents

• 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Why you need this book
  • 1.2 Whom this book is for
  • 1.3 How this book is organized
    • 1.3.1 Part One
    • 1.3.2 Part Two
    • 1.3.3 Part Three
    • 1.3.4 Part Four
    • 1.3.5 Part Five
    • 1.3.6 Appendixes
  • 1.4 Conventions used in this book
  • 1.5 Feedback, please!
• 2.0 Part One: Introducing Networking
  • 2.1 Chapter 1: Understanding Connectivity
    • 2.1.1 What is a computer network?
    • 2.1.2 A short history of networking
    • 2.1.3 Sharing information and resources
      • 2.1.3.1 Relieving telephone tag
      • 2.1.3.2 Scheduling meetings
      • 2.1.3.3 Using a shared database
      • 2.1.3.3.1 Passing around sales contacts
      • 2.1.3.3.2 Tracking inventory
      • 2.1.3.4 Sharing files
    • 2.1.4 Macs and Connectivity
      • 2.1.4.1 AppleTalk and networking
      • 2.1.4.2 Connecting to other platforms
    • 2.1.5 Summary
  • 2.2 Chapter 2: Understanding Networks
    • 2.2.1 The components of the network
      • 2.2.1.1 Network media
      • 2.2.1.2 Cable connections
      • 2.2.1.3 WhatÕs in the computer?
    • 2.2.2 An introduction to network signals
      • 2.2.2.1 Creating signals
      • 2.2.2.2 Erroneous signals
      • 2.2.2.3 Encoding signals
    • 2.2.3 Getting the message through
      • 2.2.3.1 carrier sensing
      • 2.2.3.2 token passing
    • 2.2.4 Devices for larger networks
      • 2.2.4.1 Repeaters
      • 2.2.4.2 Bridges
      • 2.2.4.3 Routers
    • 2.2.5 A Basic networking vocabulary
    • 2.2.6 An overview of AppleTalk networks
      • 2.2.6.1 Dynamic node addressing
      • 2.2.6.2 AppleTalk names
      • 2.2.6.3 The AppleTalk internet
    • 2.2.7 Summary
  • 2.3 Chapter 3: Understanding AppleTalk Protocols
    • 2.3.1 Introducing the OSI reference model
    • 2.3.2 Introducing AppleTalk protocols
    • 2.3.3 A detailed look at the AppleTalk protocols
      • 2.3.3.1 Layer 1- the physical layer
      • 2.3.3.2 Layer 2 - the data link layer
        • 2.3.3.2.1 LLAP
        • 2.3.3.2.2 ELAP
        • 2.3.3.2.3 TLAP
      • 2.3.3.3 Layer 3 - the network layer
      • 2.3.3.4 Layer 4 - the transport layer
        • 2.3.3.4.1 RTMP
        • 2.3.3.4.2 AEP
        • 2.3.3.4.3 ATP
        • 2.3.3.4.4 NBP
      • 2.3.3.5 Layer 5 - the session layer
        • 2.3.3.5.1 ADSP
        • 2.3.3.5.2 ASP
        • 2.3.3.5.3 PAP
        • 2.3.3.5.4 ZIP
      • 2.3.3.6 Layer 6 - the presentation layer
      • 2.3.3.7 Layer 7 - the application layer
    • 2.3.4 Protocol locations in the Macintosh OS
    • 2.3.5 The evolution of AppleTalk protocols
      • 2.3.5.1 AppleTalk Phase 2
    • 2.3.6 Summary
  • 2.4 Chapter 4: AppleTalk Protocols in Action
    • 2.4.1 Registering your Mac on the network
    • 2.4.2 Selecting a printer
    • 2.4.3 Printing on the network
    • 2.4.4 Using an AppleShare server
    • 2.4.5 Summary
• 3.0 Part Two: Installing an AppleTalk Network
  • 3.1 Chapter 5: Network Design 101
    • 3.1.1 Using a top-down approach to network design
      • 3.1.1.1 determining the needs of the network user
      • 3.1.1.2 setting up the network for print services
      • 3.1.1.3 providing for modem sharing and remoe access
      • 3.1.1.4 evaluating file-sharing needs
      • 3.1.1.5 planning for the distribution of users and services
      • 3.1.1.6 evaluating the physical plant
      • 3.1.1.7 planning for the future
    • 3.1.2 Introducing network topologies
      • 3.1.2.1 the daisy-chain network
      • 3.1.2.2 the bus network
      • 3.1.2.3 the star network
      • 3.1.2.4 the ring network
    • 3.1.3 Selecting a network topology
    • 3.1.4 Designing fault-tolerant networks
    • 3.1.5 Summary
  • 3.2 Chapter 6: Designing a LocalTalk LAN
    • 3.2.1 Getting acquainted with LocalTalk and PhoneNET
    • 3.2.2 Selecting a network topology
      • 3.2.2.1 the daisy-chain topology
      • 3.2.2.2 the bus topology
      • 3.2.2.3 the passive star topology
      • 3.2.2.4 the active star topology
    • 3.2.3 Understanding the limits for network topologies
    • 3.2.4 Extending nentwork limits
    • 3.2.5 Summary
  • 3.3 Chapter 7: Installing a LocalTalk LAN
    • 3.3.1 Selecting cables and connectors
      • 3.3.1.1 using standard cabling and wiring setups
      • 3.3.1.2 making your own cables
      • 3.3.1.3 setting up connectors
      • 3.3.1.4 choosing wiring accessories
    • 3.3.2 Installing a daisy-chain network
    • 3.3.3 Installing a bus network
    • 3.3.4 Installing a star network
    • 3.3.5 Testing the network
    • 3.3.6 Setting up your computers
    • 3.3.7 Summary
  • 3.4 Chapter 8: Designing an Ethernet LAN
    • 3.4.1 An introduction to Ethernet
    • 3.4.2 Cabling and network topologies
    • 3.4.3 Selecting Macintosh Ethernet hardware
      • 3.4.3.1 using a router to connect LocalTalk to Ethernet
      • 3.4.3.2 using an external device
      • 3.4.3.3 using an internal card for a single Mac
      • 3.4.3.4 selecting media adapters
      • 3.4.3.5 attaching Powerbooks to Ethernet
      • 3.4.3.6 Using FarallonÕs Etherwave
    • 3.4.4 Connecting laser printers to Ethernet
    • 3.4.5 Understanding Ethernet performance
      • 3.4.5.1 differences in Ethernet hardware
      • 3.4.5.2 differences among interfaces
    • 3.4.6 Summary
  • 3.5 Chapter 9: Installing an Ethernet LAN
    • 3.5.1 Installing Ethernet media
    • 3.5.2 Installing cables and connectors
      • 3.5.2.1 10Base5 coax
      • 3.5.2.2 10Base2 coax
      • 3.5.2.3 10BaseT unshielded twisted-pair
      • 3.5.2.4 Installation tips
    • 3.5.3 using transceivers
      • 3.5.3.1 10Base5
      • 3.5.3.2 10Base2
      • 3.5.3.3 10BaseT
      • 3.5.3.4 10BaseT hubs
    • 3.5.4 Installing an Ethernet LAN
      • 3.5.4.1 installing 10Base2
      • 3.5.4.2 installing 10BaseT
    • 3.5.5 testing the network
    • 3.5.6 Connecting Macs to Ethernet
      • 3.5.6.1 hardware
      • 3.5.6.2 software
    • 3.5.7 Summary
  • 3.6 Chapter 10: Using Modems with Networks
    • 3.6.1 An Introduction to modems
      • 3.6.1.1 modem terminology
      • 3.6.1.2 telephone terminology
    • 3.6.2 Modem protocols
      • 3.6.2.1 modulation standards
      • 3.6.2.2 error-correction standards
      • 3.6.2.3 data-compression standards
    • 3.6.3 Sharing modems on a network
    • 3.6.4 Supporting remote access to your network
      • 3.6.4.1 Apple Remote Access
        • 3.6.4.1.1 Clients and Add-ons
        • 3.6.4.1.2 Servers
      • 3.6.4.2 non-ARA
        • 3.6.4.2.1 Appletalk over PPP
        • 3.6.4.2.2 Other things over other things
    • 3.6.5 Summary
  • 3.7 Chapter 11: Designing an AppleTalk LAN
    • 3.7.1 The evolution of the AppleTalk network
    • 3.7.2 Network geography terms: LAN, MAN, WAN
    • 3.7.3 The basics of AppleTalk LANs
    • 3.7.4 The AppleTalk routing system
      • 3.7.4.1 the AppleTalk Phase 1 nonextended network
        • 3.7.4.1.1 how AT routers identify the nonextended network
        • 3.7.4.1.2 how Phase 1 routers develop routing paths
        • 3.7.4.1.3 how Phase 1 deletes a route
        • 3.7.4.1.4 how phase 1 routes packets btw. nonextended networks
      • 3.7.4.2 the AppleTalk Phase 2 extended network
        • 3.7.4.2.1 how AT routers identify the extended network
        • 3.7.4.2.2 how Phase 2 routers develop routing paths
        • 3.7.4.2.3 how Phase 2 deletes a route
        • 3.7.4.2.4 how phase 1 routes packets btw. extended networks
      • 3.7.4.3 the AppleTalk Phase 2 nonextended network
    • 3.7.5 The AppleTalk Zone system
      • 3.7.5.1 ones in AT Phase 1 nonextended networks
    • 3.7.5.2 AppleTalk Phase 2 extended zones
    • 3.7.6 NBP - Working with IP and routing processes
      • 3.7.6.1 how NBP works in Phase 1
    • 3.7.6.2 how NBP works in Phase 2
    • 3.7.7 The AppleTalk node boot-up procedure
      • 3.7.7.1 nodes in nonextended networks
      • 3.7.7.2 nodes in extended networks
    • 3.7.8 Non-AppleTalk Ethernet backbones for Mac networks
    • 3.7.9 Summary
  • 3.8 Chapter 12: Designing an AppleTalk WAN
    • 3.8.1 Building wide area links
      • 3.8.1.1 Setting up WAN services
      • 3.8.1.2 the building blocks of a WAN
      • 3.8.1.3 Point-to-point circuits
      • 3.8.1.4 Circuit-switched services
      • 3.8.1.5 Packet-switched services
        • 3.8.1.5.1 X.25
        • 3.8.1.5.2 Frame Relay
        • 3.8.1.5.3 SMDS
        • 3.8.1.5.4 ISDN
        • 3.8.1.5.5 ATM
      • 3.8.1.6 Public and private WAN links
    • 3.8.2 Routing AppleTalk across a wide area link
      • 3.8.2.1 The tunneling method
      • 3.8.2.2 The AURP protocol
      • 3.8.2.3 Remapping network numbers
      • 3.8.2.4 TREDI/SEDI
      • 3.8.2.5 CiscoÕs GRE protocol
    • 3.8.3 Where to obtain more information
    • 3.8.4 Summary
• 4.0 Part Three: Managing a Network
  • 4.1 Chapter 13: Configuring, Monitoring, and Fixing AppleTalk Networks
    • 4.1.1 Configuring AppleTalk Networks
      • 4.1.1.1 Planning network configurations
      • 4.1.1.2 Setting up internet configurations
      • 4.1.1.3 Open network management for AppleTalk managers
      • 4.1.1.4 The configuration management of network devices
        • 4.1.1.4.1 The configuration of AppleTalk routers
          • 4.1.1.4.1.1 configuration monitoring tools
          • 4.1.1.4.1.2 configuration reporting tools
          • 4.1.1.4.1.3 configuration control tools
          • 4.1.1.4.1.3.1 controlling zone name changes
          • 4.1.1.4.1.3.2 controlling router start-up
        • 4.1.1.4.2 The configuration of Ethernet filtering bridges
        • 4.1.1.4.3 The configuration of AppleTalk servers
      • 4.1.1.5 Other tips for configuration management
    • 4.1.2 Tools for Network Management
      • 4.1.2.1 SNMP as a strategy
        • 4.1.2.1.1 SNMP agents
        • 4.1.2.1.2 SNMP management stations
      • 4.1.2.2 Network Protocol Analyzers
    • 4.1.3 Monitoring AppleTalk Networks
      • 4.1.3.1 An introduction to performance and throughput
      • 4.1.3.2 Using traffic statistics to determine service ratios
        • 4.1.3.2.1 statistics plotted over time
        • 4.1.3.2.2 statistics on specific node-to-node traffic
        • 4.1.3.2.3 statistics plotted against full bandwidth
      • 4.1.3.3 Using service ratios to design your AppleTalk Internet
        • 4.1.3.3.1 services per network
          • 4.1.3.3.1.1 LocalTalk networks
          • 4.1.3.3.1.2 EtherTalk networks
        • 4.1.3.3.2 services per device
        • 4.1.3.3.3 users per services
    • 4.1.4 Fixing AppleTalk Networks
      • 4.1.4.1 Effective network monitoring and troubleshooting
        • 4.1.4.1.1 Monitoring the network
          • 4.1.4.1.1.1 NBP and AEP diagnostic tools
          • 4.1.4.1.1.2 router diagnostic tools
          • 4.1.4.1.1.3 bridge and repeater diagnostic tools
      • 4.1.4.2 troubleshooting the network
      • 4.1.4.3 Examples of network disaster recoveries
        • 4.1.4.3.1 the faulty cable disaster
        • 4.1.4.3.2 overloaded printers
        • 4.1.4.3.3 ZIP storms
        • 4.1.4.3.4 black holes
        • 4.1.4.3.5 Ethernet storms
    • 4.1.5 Summary
  • 4.2 Chapter 14: Managing AppleTalk Networks for Management
    • 4.2.1 Preparing a disaster recovery chart
      • 4.2.1.1 identifying the group
      • 4.2.1.2 identifying the networkÕs users
      • 4.2.1.3 determining downtime and reaction time
      • 4.2.1.4 obtaining authorized approval
      • 4.2.1.5 establishing network support
      • 4.2.1.6 reviewing the completed chart
    • 4.2.2 Accounting management
      • 4.2.2.1 auditing printers
      • 4.2.2.2 auditing file servers
      • 4.2.2.3 auditing telecom devices
    • 4.2.3 The elements of asset management
      • 4.2.3.1 defining asset management tasks
      • 4.2.3.2 collecting system data
      • 4.2.3.3 tracking software licenses
      • 4.2.3.4 updating software
    • 4.2.4 Customer service from technical hotlines
      • 4.2.4.1 calling the vendor
      • 4.2.4.2 vendors working with other vendors
    • 4.2.5 User privacy and network management
    • 4.2.6 Summary
  • 4.3 Chapter 15: Securing an AppleTalk Network
    • 4.3.1 Security management
      • 4.3.1.1 Controlling zone and device access
        • 4.3.1.1.1 GetZoneList filters
        • 4.3.1.1.2 NBP LkUp-Reply filters
        • 4.3.1.1.3 RTMP filters
      • 4.3.1.2 Controlling telecommunications access
      • 4.3.1.3 Controlling file access
      • 4.3.1.4 Controlling shared workstations
        • 4.3.1.4.1 AtEase
    • 4.3.2 Dealing with viruses
    • 4.3.3 Summary
• 5.0 Part Four: Integrating Macs into Other Networks
  • 5.1 Chapter 16: Bringing AppleTalk to the Masses
    • 5.1.1 Architectural Possibilities
      • 5.1.1.1 A single file sharing protocol
      • 5.1.1.2 Multiple file sharing protocols
      • 5.1.1.3 Gateways between protocols
    • 5.1.2 AFP as the protocol of choice
    • 5.1.3 Using multiple protocols
    • 5.1.4 Protocol gateways
    • 5.1.5 non-Mac AFP clients
      • 5.1.5.1 AppleTalk on DOS Computers
        • 5.1.5.1.1 Coactive connectors
        • 5.1.5.1.2 PhoneNET PC
        • 5.1.5.1.3 COPSTalk
      • 5.1.5.2 AppleTalk on Unix Computers
    • 5.1.6 Cross-Platform Application Issues
      • 5.1.6.1 Security
      • 5.1.6.2 File Exchange Issues
        • 5.1.6.2.1 Standardizing cross-platform apps
        • 5.1.6.2.2 Using file translators
        • 5.1.6.2.3 Using a standardized common file format
      • 5.1.6.3 Printing
      • 5.1.6.4 Management Options
    • 5.1.7 Summary
  • 5.2 Chapter 17: The World of Protocols
    • 5.2.1 Using Macs with non-AppleTalk protocols
    • 5.2.2 Protocols, protocols and more protocols
    • 5.2.3 Running Other protocols on your mac
    • 5.2.4 Summary
  • 5.3 Chapter 18: Macs in the world of TCP/IP
    • 5.3.1 AppleÕs Architecture
      • 5.3.1.1 MacTCP, the stack of champions
      • 5.3.1.2 Communications Toolbox
    • 5.3.2 TCP/IP Networking
      • 5.3.2.1 IP Addresses
        • 5.3.2.1.1 WhatÕs an IP address?
        • 5.3.2.1.2 Managing IP addresses
        • 5.3.2.1.3 Registering Domains and Getting Addresses
      • 5.3.2.2 Domain Name Service
      • 5.3.2.3 Routing
      • 5.3.2.4 Electronic Mail Strategies
      • 5.3.2.5 Gathering Source Materials
      • 5.3.2.6 Security Issues
    • 5.3.3 Terminal Emulation
      • 5.3.3.1 Packages
      • 5.3.3.2 File Transfer
      • 5.3.3.3 Scripting
      • 5.3.3.4 Other Bells and Whistles
    • 5.3.4 NFS
    • 5.3.5 SLIP and PPP
    • 5.3.6 MacIP
    • 5.3.7 Public domain/shareware products
    • 5.3.8 Summary
  • 5.4 Chapter 19: Macs in the world of SNA
    • 5.4.1 SNA Architecture
    • 5.4.2 The Mac as a Terminal
      • 5.4.2.1 Standalone environments
      • 5.4.2.2 Gateway Approaches
    • 5.4.3 Cooperative Processing
      • 5.4.3.1 Frontware/Middleware
      • 5.4.3.2 Application-to-Application
      • 5.4.3.3 DAL
    • 5.4.4 Summary
  • 5.5 Chapter 20: Macs in the world of OSI
    • 5.5.1 MacOSI
    • 5.5.2 Summary
• 6.0 Part Five: Using Networks
  • 6.1 Chapter 21: Printing on AppleTalk Networks
    • 6.1.1 Reviewing the Mac printing process
    • 6.1.2 Using non-AppleTalk printers
    • 6.1.3 using print servers
      • 6.1.3.1 understanding the operation of print servers
      • 6.1.3.2 setting up a print server
    • 6.1.4 Using print spoolers
    • 6.1.5 Summary
  • 6.2 Chapter 22: Sharing Disks on AppleTalk Networks
    • 6.2.1 Moving files on the network
    • 6.2.2 Sharing files on the network
      • 6.2.2.1 Understanding file servers
      • 6.2.2.2 Classifying servers
      • 6.2.2.3 System 7Õs File Sharing feature
    • 6.2.3 The AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP)
    • 6.2.4 Managing a centralized server
      • 6.2.4.1 setting up a server
      • 6.2.4.2 fault-tolerant servers
      • 6.2.4.3 backing up servers
    • 6.2.5 Summary
  • 6.3 Chapter 23: Groupware
    • 6.3.1 Looking at Groupware
      • 6.3.1.1 What is Groupware?
      • 6.3.1.2 Groupware come from?
      • 6.3.1.3 How do you classify groupware?
        • 6.3.1.3.1 Structure
        • 6.3.1.3.2 Time
        • 6.3.1.3.3 Place
    • 6.3.2 Groupware on Macintosh Networks
      • 6.3.2.1 Any time, any place
        • 6.3.2.1.1 Client/Server (Vantive)
        • 6.3.2.1.2 Lotus Notes
      • 6.3.2.2 Same Time, Same Place
        • 6.3.2.2.1 Ventana GroupSystems
        • 6.3.2.2.2 Meeting Maker
        • 6.3.2.2.3 Office Tracker Pro
        • 6.3.2.2.4 Now Up To Date
        • 6.3.2.2.5 Schedule+
        • 6.3.2.2.6 WPO
      • 6.3.2.3 Same Time, Any Place
        • 6.3.2.3.1 Aspects
        • 6.3.2.3.2 The Virtual Meeting
        • 6.3.2.3.3 pc Anywhere
        • 6.3.2.3.4 Timbuktu
      • 6.3.2.4 Any Time, Any Place
        • 6.3.2.4.1 Electronic Mail
        • 6.3.2.4.2 Integrated Packages (TeamLinks)
        • 6.3.2.4.3 Virtual Notebook System
        • 6.3.2.4.4 Instant Update
        • 6.3.2.4.5 Bulletin Board Systems
    • 6.3.3 AOCE Architecture
    • 6.3.4 Summary
  • 6.4 Chapter 24: Electronic Mail
    • 6.4.1 What is E-mail?
    • 6.4.2 Macintosh LAN-based Email
      • 6.4.2.1 Selecting e-mail features
        • 6.4.2.1.1 user-related features
        • 6.4.2.1.2 server-related features
      • 6.4.2.2 The administrative issues of e-mail
    • 6.4.3 SMTP Email
      • 6.4.3.1 Gateways between LAN and SMTP
      • 6.4.3.2 Pure SMTP Email
      • 6.4.3.3 POP and SMTP
    • 6.4.4 X.400 Email
      • 6.4.4.1 X.400 Architecture
      • 6.4.4.2 Mac Approaches to X.400
        • 6.4.4.2.1 Pure X.400
        • 6.4.4.2.2 Split X.400 UA
        • 6.4.4.2.3 X.400 Gateway
    • 6.4.5 Making the Email Decision
    • 6.4.6 Summary
  • 6.5 Chapter 25: The X Window System
    • 6.5.1 The Mac as an X Server
      • 6.5.1.1 Packages
      • 6.5.1.2 The Mouse Problem
    • 6.5.2 The Mac as an X Client
    • 6.5.3 The Mac running Unix
      • 6.5.3.1 A/UX
      • 6.5.3.2 MachTen
    • 6.5.4 Summary
  • 6.6 Chapter 26: Mac LANs and The Internet
    • 6.6.1 What is the Internet?
      • 6.6.1.1 Email
      • 6.6.1.2 Usenet News
      • 6.6.1.3 FTP
      • 6.6.1.4 Telnet
      • 6.6.1.5 WWW
      • 6.6.1.6 Gopher
      • 6.6.1.7 WAIS
    • 6.6.2 Getting Connected
      • 6.6.2.1 UUCP
      • 6.6.2.2 SLIP
      • 6.6.2.3 Direct line
    • 6.6.3 Issues in Connecting to the Internet
      • 6.6.3.1 Security
      • 6.6.3.2 Training
      • 6.6.3.3 Email
        • 6.6.3.3.1 sendmail (ugh)
        • 6.6.3.3.2 PMDF (hooray!)
      • 6.6.3.4 Directory services
      • 6.6.3.5 Doing Business over the Internet
• 7.0 Appendixes
  • 7.1 Appendix A: AppleTalk Packet Formats
  • 7.2 Appendix B: Converting Phase 1 AppleTalk Networks to Phase 2
  • 7.3 Appendix C: List of Vendors
  • 7.4 Appendix D: Glossary of Networking Terms
  • 7.5 Appendix E: Networking Acronyms